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I
s made up of a number of arts.
Jujutsu (柔術, jūjutsu?), literally meaning the
"art of softness", is a Japanese martial
art consisting primarily of grappling techniques. Jujutsu evolved among the samurai of feudal Japan as a method for
dispatching an armed and armored opponent in situations where the use of weapons
was impractical or forbidden. Due to the difficulty of dispatching an armored
opponent with striking techniques, the most efficient methods for neutralizing
an enemy took the form of pins, joint locks, and throws. These techniques were
developed around the principle of using an attacker's energy against him, rather
than directly opposing it, and came to be known as jujutsu.
The term "jūjutsu" was not coined until the 17th century, after which
time it became a blanket term for a wide variety of grappling-related
disciplines. Prior to that time, these skills had names such as "short sword
grappling" (小具足腰之周, kogusoku koshi
no mawari?),
"grappling" (組討 or 組打, kumiuchi?),
"body art" (体術, taijutsu?),
"softness" (柔 or 和, yawara?),
"art of harmony" (和術, wajutsu?),
"catching hand" (捕手, torite?),
and even the "way of softness" (柔道, jūdō?)
(as early as 1724, almost two centuries before Kano Jigoro founded the modern art of judo).[2]
There are many variations of the art which leads to a diversity of approaches.
Jujutsu schools (ryū) may utilize
all forms of grappling techniques to some degree (i.e. throwing,
trapping, joint locking,
holds, gouging,
biting, disengagements, striking, and kicking). In addition to jujutsu, many schools taught
the use of weapons.
Aiki-jūjutsu is a form of jujutsu which emphasizes "an early neutralization of an
attack."[7]
Like other forms of jujutsu, it emphasizes throwing techniques and joint
manipulations to effectively control, subdue or injure an attacker. It
emphasizes using the timing of an attack to either blend or neutralize its
effectiveness and use the force of the attacker's movement against them.
Daitō-ryū is characterized by the ample use of atemi, or the striking of vital areas, in order to
set up their jointlocking or throwing tactics. Some of the art's striking
methods employ the swinging of the outstretched arms to create power and to hit
with the fists at deceptive angles as can be observed in techniques such as the
atemi which sets up gyaku ude-dori or 'reverse elbow lock'. Tokimune
regarded one of the unique characteristics of the art to be its preference for
controlling a downed attacker's joints with one's knee in order to leave one's
hands free to access one's weapons or to deal with the threat of other oncoming
attackers.
Koppōjutsu (骨法術) means attacks against bones in Japanese
Koppōjutsu is commonly considered a hard art in comparison to the soft arts such
as Koshi jutsu(骨指術; attacks
against muscles). Legend claims it was invented by the Kappa, who excels
at this discipline.
Koshijutsu is the skill of attacks to muscle and nerve points in Japanese Martial arts. Koshijutsu is a major component of
taijutsu.
This art of nerve striking utilizes the knowledge of the human bodies nerves
and muscles. The striking of these point causes sharp pain, numbness, and
through some vital points the martial artist can cause temporary paralysis and
even death. One can use this knowledge to gain an advantage over a larger or
maybe even more skilled opponent. For instance if the opponent is skilled in
blocking strikes, one could start by striking the points on the limbs and
slowing the adversary down bit by bit, working up to the more vital nerve points
and incapacitating the opponent and allowing for escape. Escape in most cases
should ultimately be the goal, sometimes thought as cowardly it is actually the
use of common sense. There are some occasions where the martial artist must
defend themselves, the well being of a weaker ally or innocent person, in which
the martial artist is taught to engage and fight.
Kyūshojutsu (急所術,),
meaning "vital point art," is a term used in Japanese martial arts which may refer to
any of various systems for attacking vulnerable areas, weak points, pressure points, or the
vital points of the body identified in Traditional Chinese Medicine..
kenpo (Chuanfa)

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